早就听说requests的库的强大，只是还没有接触，今天接触了一下，发现以前使用urllib，urllib2等方法真是太搓了……
这里写些简单的使用初步作为一个记录
安装
http://cn.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/install.html#install
发送无参数的get请求
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
|
r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print r.text
'''
{
"args": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Windows/7",
"X-Request-Id": "8a28bbea-55cd-460b-bda3-f3427d66b700"
},
"origin": "124.192.129.84",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
'''
# 发送带参数的get请求,将key与value放入一个字典中，通过params参数来传递,其作用相当于urllib.urlencode
``` python
>>> import requests
>>> pqyload = {'q':'杨彦星'}
>>> r = requests.get('http://www.so.com/s',params = pqyload)
>>> r.url
u'http://www.so.com/s?q=%E6%9D%A8%E5%BD%A6%E6%98%9F'
|
发送post请求，通过data参数来传递,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
|
>>> payload = {'a':'杨','b':'hello'}
>>> r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
>>> print r.text
{
"args": {},
"data": "",
"files": {},
"form": {
"a": "u6768",
"b": "hello"
},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Content-Length": "19",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Windows/7",
"X-Request-Id": "c81cb937-04b8-4a2d-ba32-04b5c0b3ba98"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "124.192.129.84",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}
>>>
|
可以看到，post参数已经传到了form里,data不光可以接受字典类型的数据，还可以接受json等格式
1
2
3
4
|
>>> payload = {'a':'杨','b':'hello'}
>>> import json
>>> r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=json.dumps(payload))
|
发送文件的post类型
这个相当于向网站上传一张图片，文档等操作，这时要使用files参数
1
2
3
4
|
>>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
>>> files = {'file': open('touxiang.png', 'rb')}
>>> r = requests.post(url, files=files)
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
>>> import json
>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
>>> payload = {'some': 'data'}
>>> headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
>>> r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)
|
响应内容
响应状态码
r = requests.get(‘http://httpbin.org/get')
print r.status_code
响应头
1
2
3
|
>>> print r.headers
{'content-length': '519', 'server': 'gunicorn/18.0', 'connection': 'keep-alive', 'date': 'Sun, 15 Jun 2014 14:19:52 GMT', 'access-control-allow-origin': '*', 'content-type': 'application/json'}
|
也可以取到这个个别的响应头用来做一些判断，这里的参数是不区分大小写的
r.headers[‘Content-Type’]
r.headers.get(‘Content-Type’)
响应内容，前面已经在应用了
r.text
r.content
获取响应中的cookies
1
2
3
4
|
>>> r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
>>> r.cookies['BAIDUID']
'D5810267346AEFB0F25CB0D6D0E043E6:FG=1'
|
也可以自已定义请求的COOKIES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
>>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
>>> cookies = {'cookies_are':'working'}
>>> r = requests.get(url,cookies = cookies)
>>>
>>> print r.text
{
"cookies": {
"cookies_are": "working"
}
}
>>>
|
cookies还有很多，因为目前我也还不是很多，以后再扩充吧
使用timeout参数设置超时时间
1
2
| >>> requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=1)
<Response [200]>
|
如果将时间设置成非常小的数，如requests.get(’http://github.com’, timeout=0.001)，那么如果在timeout的时间内没有连接，那么将会抛出一个Timeout的异常
访问中使用session
先初始化一个session对象，s = requests.Session()
然后使用这个session对象来进行访问，r = s.post(url,data = user)
参考文章 http://blog.csdn.net/iloveyin/article/details/21444613 基本上都是从这扒的代码
以下通过访问人人网来获取首页中的最近来访问，然后再访问查看更多的来访来读取更多的最近来访
20151029更新，和美女刘巍进行讨论，由于很久没有登录人人网，它的登录页面与获得最近来访的页面都有所变动，登录时的url是http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login 获取最近来访是http://www.renren.com/myfoot/whoSeenMe
更多的来访就是以带session的访问http://www.renren.com/myfoot/whoSeenMe
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
|
#coding:utf-8
import requests
import re
url = r'http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login'
user = {'email':'email','password':'pass'}
s = requests.Session()
r = s.post(url,data = user)
html = r.text
visit = []
first = re.compile(r'</span><span class="time-tip first-tip"><span class="tip-content">(.*?)</span>')
second = re.compile(r'</span><span class="time-tip"><span class="tip-content">(.*?)</span>')
third = re.compile(r'</span><span class="time-tip last-second-tip"><span class="tip-content">(.*?)</span>')
last = re.compile(r'</span><span class="time-tip last-tip"><span class="tip-content">(.*?)</span>')
visit.extend(first.findall(html))
visit.extend(second.findall(html))
visit.extend(third.findall(html))
visit.extend(last.findall(html))
for i in visit:
print i
print '以下是更多的最近来访'
vm = s.get('http://www.renren.com/myfoot/whoSeenMe')
fm = re.compile(r'"name":"(.*?)"')
visitmore = fm.findall(vm.text)
for i in visitmore:
print i
|
renren
